Enhancing Performance with Low Volatility ETPs

One theme that I will spend more time on in 2016 and beyond is the low volatility anomaly, which has been discussed in considerable detail in the academic world, leading to papers such as the following:

• Benchmarks as Limits to Arbitrage: Understanding the Low Volatility Anomaly (Malcolm Baker, Brendan Bradley and Jeffrey Wurgler)
• Stock return volatility, operating performance and stock returns: International evidence on drivers of the ‘low volatility’ anomaly (Tanuj Dutt and Mark Humphery-Jenner) 
• The Limits to Arbitrage and the Low-Volatility Anomaly (Xi Li, Rodney N. Sullivan and Luis Garcia-Feijóo)
• Low Risk Stocks Outperform within All Observable Markets of the World (Nardin L. Baker and Robert A. Haugen)

In a nutshell, the research supports the claim that low volatility and low beta stocks in the United States and across the globe outperform high volatility and high beta stocks, with low volatility stocks generating substantially higher risk-adjusted returns.

Not coincidentally, the groundswell of research pointing to outperformance by low volatility stocks has created a land rush for low volatility ETPs in the first generation of “smart beta” or factor-based investment products in ETP wrappers.  Since I believe smart beta or factor-based ETPs is one of the key revolutionary ideas to appear in the investment world in recent memory, I will have a great deal to say about this subject and the many tangential ideas that arise from it going forward.  After nine years focusing primarily on the VIX, volatility and related subjects, it is time to charge off in some new directions, starting with some that have a whiff of volatility and ETP innovation.

For now I am going to be content with updating a February 2013 post, with the title The Options and Volatility ETPs Landscape.  At that time, I wanted to capture those ETPs which employed a buy-write / covered call approach, employed a put-write strategy, focused on the convertible bond space or targeted low volatility stocks.  Well, a lot has changed in the past three years, notably in the low volatility space.  This time around, I have some enhancements to the options and volatility ETPs graphic.  As is the case with The Current VIX ETP Landscape, I have added yellow stars for those ETPs with an average daily volume of 1,000,000 or higher and pink stars for ETPs with an average daily volume between 100,000 and 1,000,000.  Additionally, I have highlighted the new currency-hedged crop of low volatility ETPs by using a red font and have captured the demise of HFIN, a financials buy-write ETF that closed in March 2015 with a X-HFIN designation. 

[source(s): VIX and More]

There are a number of other sub-categorizations I will delve into at a future data, but note that whereas FTHI is a buy-write only, FTLB adds an out-of-the-money put.  Three other relatively new arrivals, CFO, CDC and CSF, are structured so that they will hold up to 75% of portfolio assets in cash in adverse market conditions.  Another intriguing new entrant, SLOW, attempts to avoid sector bias by forcing greater sector diversification than most other low volatility ETPs.

So if you found 2015 volatility to be daunting and are looking to dampen volatility in your portfolio in 2016 or tap into the performance benefits of the low volatility anomaly, keep the list above in mind.  While comprehensive and including many ETPs with marginal liquidity, this list may not touch upon some of the many new and illiquid products that might be flying under the radar.

Related posts:

• The Low Volatility Story in Pictures
• The Expanding Universe of Low Volatility ETPs
• High and Low Volatility ETPs
• Comparing SPLV and VQT
• Expanded Performance of Volatility-Hedged and Related ETPs
• Performance of Volatility-Hedged ETPs
• Performance of VIX ETP Hedges in Current Selloff
• Three New Risk Control ETFs from Direxion
• The Case for VQT
• Direxion and S&P Bring Dynamic Volatility Hedging to ETFs with VEQTOR
• The Options and Volatility ETPs Landscape
• Investing with a Target Volatility Approach
• The Current VIX ETP Landscape

Disclosure(s): none

The Options and Volatility ETPs Landscape

For several years I have publishing a graphical overview of the VIX ETPs landscape, with all the ETPs plotted on the basis of leverage and target maturity, such as the recent VIX ETP Returns for 2012.

Lately, however, an expanding crop of options and volatility ETPs has been taking root in a space that is closer to the VIX products than any of the other ETPs. I talked about the low volatility ETPs at some length in yesterday’s Beyond SPLV: The Expanding Universe of Low Volatility ETPs.

The graphic below is a plot of these securities, with the their geography, market cap and asset class in the rows and strategy/approach in the columns. I have talked about PBP in this space and was particularly interested to see that the buy-write / covered call approach is now being applied to gold in the form of the recent launch of GLDI.

Part of what prompted today’s approach is the launch of U.S. Equity High Volatility Put Write Index ETF (HVPW), which is the first put-write ETP on the market. I have talked about put-write strategies and the CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index (PUT) at some length here in the past and have included some links below for additional reading.

In the convertible bond space, CWB has been the most popular ETP in this space for the last few years. Earlier this week, PowerShares closed its competing Convertible Securities Portfolio ETF (CVRT), essentially ceding this space to CWB for now.

The other portion of the graphic below is my attempt at translating much of yesterday’s text into a format that makes for a more handy reference.

I will keep tabs on all of these ETPs going forward and in particularly look to see how HVPW and GLDI do in terms of both risk-adjusted performance and investor acceptance. I certainly hope it does not take investors as long to discover these products as it did for them to warm up to the likes of ZIV.



Related posts:

• Beyond SPLV: The Expanding Universe of Low Volatility ETPs
• VIX ETP Returns for 2012
• Covered Calls Finish Strong in 2011
• The Value of Selling Covered Calls
• Surfing for Weekly Buy-Write Trades
• Sideways Markets, Covered Calls and the RUT
• BEP and the Joy of Covered Call Funds
• One Approach for Volatile Sideways Markets
• The Often Overlooked Put Writing Strategy
• Graphical Comparison of Performance of PutWrite and BuyWrite Indices
• More on PUT Returns
• CWB: A New(ish) Convertible Bond ETF
• Comparing SPLV and VQT
• High and Low Volatility ETPs

Disclosure(s): long PBP at time of writing

CWB: A New(ish) Convertible Bond ETF

I have never been a particularly big fan of convertible bonds, but from time to time, these investments can make a good deal of sense.

Launched four months ago (and still qualifying as “new” according to my warped ETF chronograph), the SPDR Barclays Capital Convertible Bond ETF (CWB) is designed to track the price and yield performance of the Barclays Capital U.S. Convertible Bond >$500MM Index.

The table to the right shows the ETFs top holdings as of yesterday’s close, which include a top three of Bank of America (BAC), Freeport-McMoRan (FCX) and Amgen (AMGN). This same snapshot of current top ten holdings can be found here.

Since the launch of CWB on April 16^th, the bull market performance of this ETF has matched the SPX almost step for step, with lower volatility. In the chart below, CWB is represented by the red line, the SPX is in blue, and the iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF (LQD) is shown in green. This chart is an almost perfect illustration of why convertible bond ETFs (or closed-end fund or mutual fund) can be a powerful addition to one’s portfolio. At its best, in bull markets, convertibles have an upside comparable to stocks, with less downside risk. At their worst, which is generally in non-trending markets or bearish markets, the lower yield and expense of owning options that do not appreciate makes convertibles inferior to standard bonds.

Of course, options savvy investors will probably wish to buy their own bond ETF and cherry pick their favorite options plays, but for those who wish to forego a customized approach and stick with an off-the-shelf product, CWB is – for the moment at least – the only ETF which is up to the task.

[graphic: StockCharts]