The VIX, VXV and Volatility Expectations

I am frequently asked to provide more commentary on VIX futures and the extent to which expectations for future volatility as indicated by VIX futures contrasts sharply with the cash or spot VIX. While I think this is a worthwhile exercise, I am not a big fan of the various charts that I can easily put my hands on, including this one from FutureSource.com (which can be easily edited) that compares the August 2008 VIX futures with the cash VIX. The FutureSouce.com chart in the link above, for instance, uses different Y-axis values for the futures and the cash market, making comparisons a little too murky for my taste.

It is for these reasons that I was so excited when the CBOE announced the VXV, which is analogous to the VIX except that it uses a 93 day time horizon in lieu of the 30 day time frame of the VIX. Better yet, the VXV is supported by my favorite chart service, StockCharts.com, which makes it easy to provide a wide range of customizable comparisons of the VIX and the VXV.

Launched three months ago, the VXV chart finally has a critical mass of data that makes it easier to identify trends. My interest, however, is not so much the VXV in a vacuum as it is compared to the VIX. Hence the VIX:VXV ratio, which is what the chart below captures. While it is still relatively early to have high confidence trading rules for this ratio, my working hypothesis continues to be that this ratio will be mean reverting around 1.00, with the best long entries (for the SPX or other long instruments) when the ratio drops below 0.90 and the best short entries when the ratio rises above 1.10.

In addition to the extreme values that the VIX:VXV ratio generates as trading signals, some of the middling values may also have interpretive value. As I type this, for instance, the ratio sits at 0.997, suggesting that there is no discernable difference between volatility expectations over the next 30 days and over a 93 day period. Said another way, today’s rally does not seem to have put the VIX in an ‘oversold’ mode, at least relative to future volatility expectations.

NASDAQ Summation Index

When it comes to market breadth indicators, I have particular fondness for the McClellan Summation Index, which I have discussed in this space several times in the past year. While the McClellan Summation Index draws upon NYSE advance decline data, I am actually a little bit partial to the NASDAQ variant. For those who use StockCharts.com, the ticker for the NASDAQ summation index is NASI and the NYSE/McClellan version is the NYSI.

So here is the big question: is the historically low NASI advance decline data a buying opportunity or a warning sign?

In order to best answer that question, I have included a chart below that plots NASI data going back ten years. It clearly shows that buying on any significant NASI dip (say -900 or lower) since the October 2002 bottom has been an excellent investment tactic, as was the run up to the 2000 market top. The graph also shows, however, that during the 2000-2002 bear market, this was a risky strategy that tried to capture short bounces which were brief countertrends against a falling tide. It was possible to be successful, but tight stops and/or a narrow time horizon were needed to control risk.

When all is said and done, we are back to a discussion about whether it makes sense to buy on the dips. In a well defined uptrend, there is not doubt that this is a winning strategy. In a bear market, one can still make money on the bullish countertrend, but these need to be surgical strikes. There isn’t much in the way of sideways action evident in this long-term chart, but it is safe to conclude that buying on the dips in a non-trending market – classic oscillator-based trading – is less profitable than trading with the trend, but offers more substantially opportunity than trying to trade against it.

My current reading of the NASI is that we are more likely than not to get a bounce off of current levels; if it turns out we are in a bear market, these gains will be short-lived, but if we are putting in a bottom of at least intermediate-term length, there is considerable opportunity to the upside.

WTI Boosts Portfolio A1

After a challenging start to the new year that resulted in a major reshuffling of the portfolio, it looks as if Portfolio A1 is now back on track with an interesting cross-section of holdings. Part of the credit for the performance turnaround should go to W&T Offshore (WTI), the oil and gas exploration and production company that gained 9.2% in the first week it was in the portfolio. A five stock portfolio is always a crap shoot of sorts, but given the current market environment and opportunities it presents, I am pleased with the current makeup of the portfolio.

After 51 weeks (since the February 16, 2007 inception), Portfolio A1 sports a cumulative performance of +4.8% vs. a -8.5% performance in the benchmark S&P 500 index over the same period.

Gone after just one week in the portfolio is Chattem (CHTT), which is being replaced by Invitrogen (IVGN), a lab testing and diagnostic company that just last week reported solid earnings and resolved some patent disputes. For those looking for more information on IVGN, a good place to start is with the conference call transcript from the February 5, 2008 conference call.

There no additional changes to the portfolio this week.

A snapshot of Portfolio A1 is as follows:

VWSI at Zero Even though VIX Jumps 16.6%

It is very unusual to see the VIX make a significant move and the VWSI to register a zero reading, particularly given the mean-reverting bias built in to the VWSI calculations. As a result, last weeks 16.6% jump in the VIX has me suspecting that the VIX may be a better barometer of market volatility in the coming week or two.

Officially, the VIX ended the week at 28.01, up 3.99 or 16.6%. While the VIX has been mostly going sideways the past three weeks, the current level is still 66% higher than the 18.47 close just seven weeks ago.

Normally, when I see the VIX jump 15% or more in one week, I start to think about selling some VIX options. With the VWSI at zero, however, there doesn’t seem to be a tradeable edge in the current situation. Furthermore, a quick glance at the VIX COT report chart shows the commercials continuing to add to long positions even as the VIX trends higher (the orange line is the ‘net commercials’ and dark line is the ‘net large traders’) – a very unusual posture for a group that generally prefers to fade the big moves. Perhaps something wicked this way comes…

(Note that in the above temperature gauge, the "bullish" and "bearish" labels apply to the VIX, not to the broader markets, which are usually negatively correlated with the VIX.)

Wine pairing: For a VWSI of zero, I began 2007 by recommending some Rhone blends and later expanded the category to include any expensive blend. Over the course of the year, my two favorite inexpensive blends turned out to be the $8 Oakley Five Reds (the 2003 vintage is a blend of 41% syrah, 27% zinfandel, 22% petite sirah, 10% alicante bouschet, and 1% mourvedre from Cline Cellars); and the 2005 vintage of The Hermit Crab from D’Arenberg, a delicious $13 blend of 70% viognier and 30% marsanne.

TGIF or OSIF?

It’s Friday, which means that if you have long positions, you are likely to be calculating the risks of holding those positions over the weekend and imagining what sort of headlines might greet you and your portfolio on Monday morning.

There is so much headline risk – or at least perceived headline risk – out there right now that I suspect it will be very difficult for the bulls to put together a sustained rally today. That being said, each Friday going forward is going to be a litmus test of sorts for the bulls, particularly next Friday, which falls just before a three day weekend in the US.

Though this is only the sixth Friday of 2008 and far from enough data points to begin talking about statistical significance and confidence intervals, the first five Fridays of the year have a mean loss of 1.30%, while Mondays through Thursdays have only seen an average drop of 0.37% over the first 21 non-Friday sessions of the year.

In simplistic terms, I do not think that the bulls can make a credible case for a market turnaround as long as they are unwilling to bid prices up in advance of the weekend. When Fridays start looking up and weekend risks start looking palatable, this may be one of the signs that we have put in a bottom.

Index Volatility and Component Correlation

While I was sleeping soundly this morning, Adam at Daily Options Report was already up and deconstructing the volatility of the S&P 500 index. Drawing upon some data compiled by Bespoke Investment Group that show increasing correlation across the S&P 500 sectors during the course of the past six months, Adam concludes that the current high levels of index volatility (VIX, VXN, RVX, VXO, VXD) are due in part to this recent increase in correlation among the components of the S&P 500.

In Correlation Station (no relation to Terrapin Station), Adam breaks it down as follows:

“You can boil index volatility down to two basic factors. One is the volatility of the component stocks, the other is the correlation between those very stocks. And they can very much offset each other. Imagine a world where half the stocks were moving violently and basically trending in one direction, and the other half was moving violently the other way. Index volatility would be very low as the moves would pretty much offset each other.

What we have now is the opposite. Stocks aren't that cosmically volatile, but they are all moving in relative unison. Ergo index volatility is theoretically *high* relative to individual stock volatility.”

There is not much I can do to improve upon that explanation.

While an understanding of the correlation phenomenon is important, I’m sure many are wondering if the current situation is tradeable. For what little it is worth, I am not going to be taking trades that should be winners if correlations start unwinding, but I encourage those who are interested in this subject (yet another type of mean reversion play) to check out Adam’s thinking about some possible trades along these lines.

Sentiment Failures

I am of the opinion that failures usually provide more important signals than confirmations. For instance, if a company reports good news and sells off, then that action speaks louder than if the stock had bounced on the news (not withstanding all the “buy on the rumor, sell on the news” lore.) The same is true for broad market data and the broader indices. To my mind, these are fundamental failures.

There is an analogous situation with technical analysis. A failure in this context could be a stock or index that has consistently bounced off of a particular support level that now violates that support and continues lower. I believe that these TA failures speak volumes more in terms of informational content than if support had held for the n+1^th time.

Which brings us to yesterday. Two measures in particular suggested that market sentiment was so strongly negative as to make a bounce a high probability event: the ISEE had just hit a new low in its 20 day SMA and the NASDAQ TRIN (30 day EMA) had spiked to levels not seen since 2002. The bottom line is that it a bounce should have been like shooting fish in a barrel for the bulls. Since the bulls could neither hold onto their gains, nor put a dent in the selloff that ensued, I am forced to conclude that in the course of this substantial sentiment failure, they didn’t even graze any of the fish. I am also changing my bias to bearish until the bulls can demonstrate a modicum of marksmanship…

Mean Reversion After Big Drops

Eddy Elfenbein at Crossing Wall Street has a nice little graphic and commentary up today: How the Market Behaves on Big Down Days.

After researching the 37 instances in which the S&P 500 index dropped 3.2% or more (as it did yesterday), Elfenbein draws the following conclusions:

“The average loss for the sell-off is 5.01%. After that, nearly every day is an up day. By the ninth day, the S&P 500 is down 3.48%, which is indeed, a retracement of about one-third. The market still trends higher to the 17th day where it's down just 3.01%, or about a 40% retracement. At that point, the linger effects of the sell-off seem to dissolve.”

Elfenbein’s findings should come as no surprise to those who pay attention to the TRIN and ISEE, as well as the VIX, various market breadth indicators, etc. While volatility has been on the tame side lately, the TRIN, ISEE, and McClellan Summation Index have all been suggesting a strong oversold situation and a high probability mean reversion bullish entry.

The duration of the retracement pattern identified by Elfenbein is also worth noting, as it hearkens back to some work on VIX spike retracements I published last April in Lessons from the Post-2/27 VIX Price Action, where the optimal retracement window was determined to be about eight days.

Massive Put Buying on ISEE Toward the Close

About 230,000 equities only puts (vs. about 22,000 calls) between 15:10 to 15:30

Bullish NASDAQ TRIN Signal

One of my favorite contrarian sentiment indicators is the (NYSE) TRIN and it’s NASDAQ counterpart, which StockCharts.com (responsible for the chart below) codes as the $TRINQ.

The chart I have chosen for today [Edit: updated EOD chart is first chart below; 2nd chart provides longer historical context] uses 60 minute bars over the past two months to demonstrate that in spite of the recent bounce, today’s action sets up another bullish contrarian buy signal – at least in the NDX. This signal looks stronger if you consider the possibility of some support in the 1780 area. Take this with a grain of salt, but consider that the TRINQ’s track record has been very strong as of late.

Also consider that more generally, it may pay to fade any strong move that develops in the current environment of uncertainty – and perhaps to sell premium just beyond important support and resistance levels.

 
[source:  StockCharts.com]

Volcker Endorses Obama

I do my best to keep politics out of this blog, but I thought it was particularly interesting that several days ago, former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker announced that he was endorsing Barack Obama. What baffles me and is the main reason I even bother to mention it in this space is how little news play this item has received.

Here we have probably the most important presidential election in a generation or more, with a semi-incumbent running whose husband just happens to be the only President to balance the budget in the past 35 years. Further, despite the war in Iraq, the economy is shaping up as a the key issue in the race and suddenly we have the most famous and revered Fed Chairman coming out in support of...the fresh face whose lack of experience is derided by critics.

I found the following quote from Volcker to be particularly telling:

"It is only Barack Obama, in his person, in his ideas, in his ability to understand and to articulate both our needs and our hopes that provide the potential for strong and fresh leadership."

Divergence Between Put to Call and Volatility Data

Several weeks ago in Checking for Atheists, I talked about how bullish moves can be fueled by a large supply of non-believers who prefer to cling to a wall of worry in times of great uncertainty. These investors often prefer to wait until a bullish move is well established before they cautiously and reluctantly begin to resume long positions.

Volatility indicators, such as the VIX, usually provide an insight into just how worried these investors are, but put to call ratios do us one better: they give us a sense of their numbers. Right now, the numbers are compelling. As I noted in my weekly VIX recap, the ISEE data reflect all-time record lows of new call positions initiated relative to new put positions on the International Securities Exchange (ISE) over the past 20 days – a trend that has carried over to today’s session.

The other important put to call ratio that I follow closely is the CBOE’s equity put to call ratio ($CPCE on StockCharts.com), a chart of which I have included below. Like the ISEE, the CPCE is showing historically high level of puts to calls – in numbers not seen since early 2005. In the chart below, note that P/C readings of 0.70 or higher have consistently been good buying opportunities and today’s 10 day EMA of 0.73 has not been surpassed since May 2005.

Several readers have asked about the significance of a divergence between volatility and put to call readings. As I discussed last May in More Thoughts on the PCVXO, divergences in which volatility readings are much higher than put to call numbers are usually bullish, while the current situation, with put to call numbers much higher than volatility data, tend to resolve in a bearish move going forward.

PBG Dampens Relief Rally at Portfolio A1

Last week provided a relief rally for most equities, but Portfolio A1 was barely able to eke out a gain, largely due to a poor earnings report from Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG). Tuesday’s report of flat case growth, increasing costs and guidance well below analysts’ expectations led to widespread dumping of the shares. Despite a rally in the markets, the bottler lost 9.1% for the full week.

In spite of PBG’s woes, Portfolio A1 is still up 6.8% for the 50 weeks since inception, as compared to a 4.1% loss in the SPX over the same period.

Not surprisingly, PBG has been dropped from the portfolio, along with LG Philips LCD Co. (LPL), a pick I was scratching my head about two weeks ago.

An interesting new addition to the portfolio is Chattem (CHTT), a consumer products company whose brands include many products advertised on late night TV (Dexatrim, Garlique, Gold Bond, Selsun Blue, pHisoderm, Kaopectate, etc.) The brands may not be sexy, but the stock has been on a tear. Back in 2000 the stock traded as low as 2.37; Friday it closed at 79.73. The other new addition is W&T Offshore (WTI), a Houston-based oil and gas exploration and production company, with geographical focus on the Gulf of Mexico.

There are no other changes to the portfolio this week.

A snapshot of Portfolio A1 is as follows:

VWSI at +1 as Put to Call Numbers Raise Eyebrows

It may sound strange given all the market drama that has played out so far this year, but 2008 has been a relatively uneventful year so far for those who follow the VIX. Sure there was that two day blip where the VIX traded in the mid-30s during January 22-23, but even then the action in the VIX paled in comparison to everything else that was hitting the fan across the investment universe.

Last week was more of the same. The markets bounced, albeit weakly, and the VIX dropped 5.06 points (17.4%) to end the week at 24.02. While the VIX move looks impressive on paper, it merely brought the volatility index right back to the 50 day simple moving average. The VWSI is also largely discounting last week’s drop in the VIX, as it ticked up from zero +1.

As is my weekly custom, for a survey of the best in current thinking about the markets, Barry Ritholtz at The Big Picture sums up the week that was and the week that is on tap in his Superbowl Linkfest.

Getting back to the VIX and the VWSI, while these numbers are unremarkable, the action in the ISEE suggests that tectonic forces are indeed at work just under the surface, with the ISEE’s 20 day SMA just missing an all-time low on Friday.

(Note that in the above temperature gauge, the "bullish" and "bearish" labels apply to the VIX, not to the broader markets, which are usually negatively correlated with the VIX.)

Wine pairing: For a VWSI of +1, I recommend a guwurztraminer. My favorite American version of this wine is the dry gewurztraminer from Londer Vineyards of Anderson Valley. I have not yet sampled the 2006 vintage, but the 2005 was an unforgettable wine that I would love to see in a blind tasting against some of the top Alsatian competition.

In my previous roundup of California gewurztraminer, I suggested Navarro and Harvest Moon. For some of my top selections from Alsace, check out Trimbach; Hugel; and Domaine Weinbach. You can also check out the top-rated gewurztraminers in the 2007 San Francisco Chronicle Wine Competition.

What Fell and What’s Bouncing

The chart below shows two different performance sorts of sector ETFs. On the left are the top ETF sector performers during the past month; on the right are the top ETF sector performers during the past five days. For the record, these graphics were generated by ETFScreen.com and can be sorted by any time frame specified in the columns.

Not surprisingly, the big winners for the month were the ultrashort ETFs, particularly in technology and energy sectors. On the long side, real estate and finance-related ETFs showed well during the month, an indication that these sectors may be attracting a fair amount of bottom feeding activity.

Switching to performance data for the last five days, one can clearly see the strong buying action in the real estate and financial sectors, with retail and basic materials ETFs also supporting the recent bounce. So far, the bullish action following last week’s bottom has been driven largely by sectors sensitive to interest rates and cyclical growth. The technology sector, which had a nice bounce pre-FOMC, has been largely absent from the party during the past few days.